Filtering

On this page

  1. Basic usage
  2. Disallowed filters
  3. Disable InvalidFilterQuery exception
  4. Partial, beginsWithStrict and endsWithStrict filters
  5. Exact filters
  6. Operator filters
  7. Exact or partial filters for related properties
  8. Scope filters
  9. Trashed filters
  10. Callback filters
  11. Custom filters
  12. Filter aliases
  13. Ignored filters values
  14. Default Filter Values
  15. Nullable Filter

The filter query parameters can be used to add where clauses to your Eloquent query. Out of the box we support filtering results by partial attribute value, exact attribute value or even if an attribute value exists in a given array of values. For anything more advanced, custom filters can be used.

By default, all filters have to be explicitly allowed using allowedFilters(). This method takes an array of strings or AllowedFilter instances. An allowed filter can be partial, beginsWithStrict, endsWithStrict, exact, scope or custom. By default, any string values passed to allowedFilters() will automatically be converted to AllowedFilter::partial() filters.

// GET /users?filter[name]=john&filter[email]=gmail

$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters(['name', 'email'])
    ->get();

// $users will contain all users with "john" in their name AND "gmail" in their email address

You can specify multiple matching filter values by passing a comma separated list of values:

// GET /users?filter[name]=seb,freek

$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters(['name'])
    ->get();

// $users will contain all users that contain "seb" OR "freek" in their name

By passing column name strings to allowedFilters, partial filters are automatically applied.

Finally, when trying to filter on properties that have not been allowed using allowedFilters() an InvalidFilterQuery exception will be thrown along with a list of allowed filters.

You can set in configuration file to not throw an InvalidFilterQuery exception when a filter is not set in allowedFilter method. This does not allow using any filter, it just disables the exception.

'disable_invalid_filter_query_exception' => true

By default the option is set false.

By default, all values passed to allowedFilters are converted to partial filters. The underlying query will be modified to use a LIKE LOWER(%value%) statement. Because this can cause missed indexes, it's often worth considering a beginsWithStrict filter for the beginning of the value, or an endsWithStrict filter for the end of the value. These filters will use a LIKE value% statement and a LIKE %value statement respectively, instead of the default partial filter. This can help optimize query performance and index utilization.

When filtering IDs, boolean values or a literal string, you'll want to use exact filters. This way /users?filter[id]=1 won't match all users having the digit 1 in their ID.

Exact filters can be added using Spatie\QueryBuilder\AllowedFilter::exact('property_name') in the allowedFilters() method.

use Spatie\QueryBuilder\AllowedFilter;

// GET /users?filter[name]=John%20Doe
$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([AllowedFilter::exact('name')])
    ->get();

// only users with the exact name "John Doe"

The query builder will automatically map 1, 0, 'true', and 'false' as boolean values and a comma separated list of values as an array:

use Spatie\QueryBuilder\AllowedFilter;

// GET /users?filter[id]=1,2,3,4,5&filter[admin]=true

$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::exact('id'),
        AllowedFilter::exact('admin'),
    ])
    ->get();

// $users will contain all admin users with id 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5

Operator filters allow you to filter results based on different operators such as EQUAL, NOT_EQUAL, GREATER_THAN, LESS_THAN, GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL, LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL, and DYNAMIC. You can use the AllowedFilter::operator method to create operator filters.

use Spatie\QueryBuilder\AllowedFilter;
use Spatie\QueryBuilder\Enums\FilterOperator;

// GET /users?filter[salary]=>3000
$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::operator('salary', FilterOperator::GREATER_THAN),
    ])
    ->get();

// $users will contain all users with a salary greater than 3000

You can also use dynamic operator filters, which allow you to specify the operator in the filter value:

use Spatie\QueryBuilder\AllowedFilter;
use Spatie\QueryBuilder\Enums\FilterOperator;

// GET /users?filter[salary]=>3000
$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::operator('salary', FilterOperator::DYNAMIC),
    ])
    ->get();

// $users will contain all users with a salary greater than 3000

You can also add filters for a relationship property using the dot-notation: AllowedFilter::exact('posts.title'). This works for exact and partial filters. Under the hood we'll add a whereHas statement for the posts that filters for the given title property as well.

In some cases you'll want to disable this behaviour and just pass the raw filter-property value to the query. For example, when using a joined table's value for filtering. By passing false as the third parameter to AllowedFilter::exact() or AllowedFilter::partial() this behaviour can be disabled:

$addRelationConstraint = false;

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->join('posts', 'posts.user_id', 'users.id')
    ->allowedFilters(AllowedFilter::exact('posts.title', null, $addRelationConstraint));

Sometimes more advanced filtering options are necessary. This is where scope filters, callback filters and custom filters come in handy.

Scope filters allow you to add local scopes to your query by adding filters to the URL. This works for scopes on the queried model or its relationships using dot-notation.

Consider the following scope on your model:

public function scopeStartsBefore(Builder $query, $date): Builder
{
    return $query->where('starts_at', '<=', Carbon::parse($date));
}

To filter based on the startsBefore scope, add it to the allowedFilters array on the query builder:

QueryBuilder::for(Event::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::scope('starts_before'),
    ])
    ->get();

The following filter will now add the startsBefore scope to the underlying query:

GET /events?filter[starts_before]=2018-01-01

You can even pass multiple parameters to the scope by passing a comma separated list to the filter and use dot-notation for querying scopes on a relationship:

GET /events?filter[schedule.starts_between]=2018-01-01,2018-12-31

When passing an array as a parameter you can access it, as an array, in the scope by using the spread operator.

public function scopeInvitedUsers(Builder $query,  ...$users): Builder
{
    return $query->whereIn('id', $users);
}

When using scopes that require model instances in the parameters, we'll automatically try to inject the model instances into your scope. This works the same way as route model binding does for injecting Eloquent models into controllers. For example:

public function scopeEvent(Builder $query, \App\Models\Event $event): Builder
{
    return $query->where('id', $event->id);
}

// GET /events?filter[event]=1 - the event with ID 1 will automatically be resolved and passed to the scoped filter

If you use any other column aside id column for route model binding (ULID,UUID). Remeber to specify the value of the column used in route model binding

// GET /events?filter[event]=01j0rcpkx5517v0aqyez5vnwn - supposing we use a ULID column for route model binding.

Scopes are usually not named with query filters in mind. Use filter aliases to alias them to something more appropriate:

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::scope('unconfirmed', 'whereHasUnconfirmedEmail'),
        // `?filter[unconfirmed]=1` will now add the `scopeWhereHasUnconfirmedEmail` to your query
    ]);

When using Laravel's soft delete feature you can use the AllowedFilter::trashed() filter to query these models.

The FiltersTrashed filter responds to particular values:

  • with: include soft-deleted records to the result set
  • only: return only 'trashed' records at the result set
  • any other value: return only records without that are not soft-deleted in the result set

For example:

QueryBuilder::for(Booking::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::trashed(),
    ]);

// GET /bookings?filter[trashed]=only will only return soft deleted models

If you want to define a tiny custom filter, you can use a callback filter. Using AllowedFilter::callback(string $name, callable $filter) you can specify a callable that will be executed when the filter is requested.

The filter callback will receive the following parameters: Builder $query, mixed $value, string $name. You can modify the Builder object to add your own query constraints.

For example:

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::callback('has_posts', function (Builder $query, $value) {
            $query->whereHas('posts');
        }),
    ]);

Using PHP 7.4 this example becomes a lot shorter:

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::callback('has_posts', fn (Builder $query) => $query->whereHas('posts')),
    ]);

You can specify custom filters using the AllowedFilter::custom() method. Custom filters are instances of invokable classes that implement the \Spatie\QueryBuilder\Filters\Filter interface. The __invoke method will receive the current query builder instance and the filter name/value. This way you can build any query your heart desires.

For example:

use Spatie\QueryBuilder\Filters\Filter;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;

class FiltersUserPermission implements Filter
{
    public function __invoke(Builder $query, $value, string $property)
    {
        $query->whereHas('permissions', function (Builder $query) use ($value) {
            $query->where('name', $value);
        });
    }
}

// In your controller for the following request:
// GET /users?filter[permission]=createPosts

$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::custom('permission', new FiltersUserPermission),
    ])
    ->get();

// $users will contain all users that have the `createPosts` permission

It can be useful to specify an alias for a filter to avoid exposing database column names. For example, your users table might have a user_passport_full_name column, which is a horrible name for a filter. Using aliases you can specify a new, shorter name for this filter:

use Spatie\QueryBuilder\AllowedFilter;

// GET /users?filter[name]=John

$users = QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters(AllowedFilter::exact('name', 'user_passport_full_name')) // will filter by the `user_passport_full_name` column
    ->get();

You can specify a set of ignored values for every filter. This allows you to not apply a filter when these values are submitted.

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::exact('name')->ignore(null),
    ])
    ->get();

The ignore() method takes one or more values, where each may be an array of ignored values. Each of the following calls are valid:

  • ignore('should_be_ignored')
  • ignore(null, '-1')
  • ignore([null, 'ignore_me', 'also_ignored'])

Given an array of values to filter for, only the subset of non-ignored values get passed to the filter. If all values are ignored, the filter does not get applied.

// GET /user?filter[name]=forbidden,John%20Doe

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::exact('name')->ignore('forbidden'),
    ])
    ->get();
// Returns only users where name matches 'John Doe'

// GET /user?filter[name]=ignored,ignored_too

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::exact('name')->ignore(['ignored', 'ignored_too']),
    ])
    ->get();
// Filter does not get applied because all requested values are ignored.

You can specify a default value for a filter if a value for the filter was not present on the request. This is especially useful for boolean filters.

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::exact('name')->default('Joe'),
        AllowedFilter::scope('deleted')->default(false),
        AllowedFilter::scope('permission')->default(null),
    ])
    ->get();

You can mark a filter nullable if you want to retrieve entries whose filtered value is null. This way you can apply the filter with an empty value, as shown in the example.

// GET /user?filter[name]=&filter[permission]=

QueryBuilder::for(User::class)
    ->allowedFilters([
        AllowedFilter::exact('name')->nullable(),
        AllowedFilter::scope('permission')->nullable(),
    ])
    ->get();
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